Just a comment on the gear above. Cotton is not your friend, fleece is hands down better in every respect. You can get fleece lined jeans at the same price point as flannel. But again jeans are cotton. You might also do better shopping “military surplus”, just a thought. Silk base layers, top and bottoms- $15.00 pair are warm and thin. Fleece mid layers-$40.00 pair very warm. I have found that armored riding pants work very well as a next layer. Usually break the wind well, covers the hips and crotch, where as chaps don’t, and the knee protectors do a superior job slowing down windchill to the legs. Really cold and I go to a heavy wool sweater with a windblock liner which I wear inside out. Hey, never said it was a fashion show. Bib style or suspenders in place of a belt allow you to eliminate much constriction which equal better circulation, better circulation sends more and warmer blood flow to the extremities. I always carry good, not cheap, rain gear for that all important wind breaking top layer. Heated gear, yup, I have both a vest and a jacket liner, Aerostich Kanetsu Airvantage branded, not inexpensive but better than anything I had experienced in my many years. The added bonus, which I can’t emphasize enough, is their inflatable bladders which add an extra layer of insulation as well as snugging the heated matrix against your body eliminating air gaps. That bladder in itself is an excellent wind block and should the heat fail doesn’t totally leave you in the cold. Always pack an extra thick warm top to swap to if your heated gear should fail. These have helped me stay out in temperatures down to -20F for hours on end.